In Odia vowel are called `Swarabarna (ସ୍ଵରବର୍ଣ୍ଣ)`. There are 12 independent, 9 dependent and 2 two part dependent vowel letters.
The vowels can either be written as independent letter or combined with consonant letter. Vowels can be added before or after the consonants and consequently change the shape of the consonant letter.
Consonant in Odia are also called `Byanjan Barna (ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜନ ବର୍ଣ)`. There are 40 consonant letters in Odia.
The consonant and vowels in Oriya are combined to make a final sound. Each consonant has a unique form and the shape of the consonant changes depending on the vowel letter attached to it.
The Odia language has its own numeric symbols to represent numbers and fractions. The number can be combined to form number of any size and length.
In the past, the Odia numeral system were used in mathematics for counting and adding number. At present, however, either Hindu or Latin numeral systems are used.
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